Kehidupan awal
It is not known where Trelawny was born; while he always claimed it was in Cornwall , some of his biographers suggested it was in London. Tidak diketahui mana Trelawny lahir, sedangkan dia selalu mengklaim di Cornwall , beberapa penulis biografi mengusulkan itu di London. Christened Edward John Trelawny, for a time in his later life he was to call himself John Edward. Edward John Trelawny dibaptis, untuk waktu di kemudian hari nya dia menyebut dirinya John Edward.
In his Adventures of a Younger Son he described having had a miserable childhood. Dalam Petualangan Anak Muda ia digambarkan memiliki memiliki anak menderita. On 5 October 1805, just prior to his thirteenth birthday, his father enrolled him in the Royal Navy. Pada tanggal 5, Oktober 1805 sesaat sebelum ulang tahunnya yang ketiga belas, ayahnya mendaftarkan dirinya di Angkatan Laut Kerajaan. At that time, tradition required the younger sons of the gentry to choose the military as a profession. Pada saat itu, tradisi yang dibutuhkan anak-anak muda bangsawan untuk memilih militer sebagai profesi.
Trelawny's own record of his service in the navy and as a privateer differs significantly from that described by his biographers. catatan sendiri tentang layanan Trelawny di angkatan laut dan sebagai seorang privateer berbeda secara signifikan dari yang dijelaskan oleh penulis biografinya. He has himself deserting the navy and then living the life of a Corsair, sailing the Indian Ocean in search of adventure. Ia sendiri meninggalkan angkatan laut dan kemudian hidup dalam kehidupan yang Corsair, berlayar Samudera Hindia untuk mencari petualangan. His Adventures of a Younger Son can best be described as Trelawny's novelistic fantasy of what he actually experienced in his seven years of service in the Royal Navy. Petualangan Nya Anak Muda terbaik dapat digambarkan sebagai novelistik fantasi's Trelawny dari apa yang dia alami dalam tujuh tahun dinas di Angkatan Laut Kerajaan. He wrote about deserting the navy when in fact he was honorably discharged (without a commission) in 1812. Dia menulis tentang meninggalkan angkatan laut padahal sebenarnya dia hormat (tanpa komisi) pada tahun 1812.
The following year he fell in love with the beautiful and well-educated Caroline Addison; he was nineteen and she was even younger. Tahun berikutnya ia jatuh cinta pada indah dan terdidik Caroline Addison, ia berusia sembilan belas tahun dan ia bahkan lebih muda. They were married despite the objections of both sets of parents. Mereka menikah meskipun keberatan dari kedua pasang orangtua.
Their first daughter was born in 1814 and a second in 1816. putri pertama mereka lahir pada tahun 1814 dan kedua di 1816. But the marriage became a disaster. Tapi pernikahan itu menjadi bencana. In 1816 Caroline suddenly eloped with a Captain Coleman, who was twice her age. Di tahun 1816 tiba-tiba Caroline kawin lari dengan Coleman Kapten, yang usianya dua kali. London's “penny press” covered the story of the divorce, which caused Trelawny tremendous humiliation. "Penny London tekan" menutupi kisah perceraian, yang menyebabkan Trelawny penghinaan yang luar biasa.
It took several years to put this unhappy event behind him. Butuh beberapa tahun untuk menempatkan acara ini tidak bahagia di belakangnya. In 1819, with the allowance given to him by his father, Trelawny left England for Switzerland. Pada tahun 1819, dengan tunjangan yang diberikan kepadanya oleh ayahnya, Trelawny meninggalkan Inggris untuk Swiss. The allowance was sufficient to allow him to live at the level of a retired naval captain, so he began to present himself as Captain Edward Trelawny, Royal Navy, Retired. penyisihan tersebut cukup untuk memungkinkan dia untuk tinggal di tingkat seorang kapten angkatan laut pensiun, sehingga ia mulai menampilkan diri sebagai Kapten Edward Trelawny, Royal Angkatan Laut, Pensiunan.
[ edit ] Shelley and Byron [ sunting ] Shelley dan Byron
In life, as he depicted in his book Adventures , Trelawny was a handsome, romantic, dashing, quixotic, and controversial personality, who has been variously described by his biographers as being everything from a hero to a downright liar and cad. Dalam kehidupan, seperti digambarkan dalam bukunya Adventures, Trelawny adalah tampan, romantis, gagah, pemurah, dan kepribadian kontroversial, yang telah dijelaskan oleh berbagai penulis biografinya sebagai segala sesuatu dari pahlawan untuk benar-benar seorang pembohong dan kurang ajar.
No doubt due to his friendship with the poets Shelley and Byron, five full biographies have been written about him. Tidak diragukan lagi karena persahabatannya dengan para penyair dan Byron Shelley, lima biografi penuh telah ditulis tentang dirinya. Through his friend Edward Ellerker Williams , he was introduced to Percy Bysshe Shelley and later to Lord Byron , to become part of their Pisan Circle of friends that also included Shelley's cousin and later biographer the poet Thomas Medwin . Melalui temannya Ellerker Edward Williams , ia diperkenalkan dengan Percy Bysshe Shelley dan kemudian Lord Byron , untuk menjadi bagian dari mereka Pisan Lingkaran teman-teman yang juga termasuk sepupu Shelley dan kemudian penulis biografi penyair Thomas Medwin .
Trelawny orchestrated and directed the cremation of Williams and Shelley after they drowned in a sailing accident in 1822. Trelawny mengatur dan mengarahkan kremasi Williams dan Shelley setelah mereka tenggelam dalam kecelakaan berlayar tahun 1822. The funeral of Shelley has been the subject of several paintings and was inscribed in the annals of history with Trelawny's description of his reaching into the pyre to pluck out Shelley's heart before the flames could consume it. Shelley pemakaman telah menjadi subjek beberapa lukisan dan tertulis dalam sejarah sejarah dengan deskripsi Trelawny yang mencapai ke dalam tumpukan kayu untuk memetik keluar Shelley hati sebelum api bisa mengkonsumsi itu. Trelawny arranged for Shelley's ashes to be buried in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome . Trelawny mengatur's abu Shelley untuk dikubur di Pemakaman Protestan, Roma .
At Byron's request, Trelawny took part in the Greek war of Independence from Turkey. Atas permintaan Byron, Trelawny ambil bagian dalam perang Kemerdekaan Yunani dari Turki. He recounts his role in the conflict in his Recollections of the Last Days of Shelley and Byron (1858) and Records of Shelley, Byron, and the Author (1878). Dia menceritakan perannya dalam konflik di Kenangan tentang Hari Terakhir Shelley dan Byron (1858) dan Rekaman Shelley, Byron, dan Penulis (1878). Trelawny joined hands with Odysseus Androutsos, a prominent insurgent chief. Trelawny bergabung tangan dengan Odiseus Androutsos, seorang kepala pemberontak terkemuka. He was out on an expedition with his chief when he received news of the death of Byron at Missolonghi . Ia berada di sebuah ekspedisi dengan kepala ketika ia menerima berita tentang kematian Byron di Missolonghi . He was last to arrive on the scene but first to make arrangements for taking care of Byron's body and papers. Dia terakhir yang tiba di tempat kejadian, tetapi pertama yang membuat perjanjian untuk merawat tubuh Byron dan kertas.
Shortly after Trelawny returned to join in the fray, and in a final Byronic fantasy, he married Tersitsa, the child-sister of Odysseus. Tak lama setelah Trelawny kembali untuk bergabung dalam keributan, dan dalam fantasi Byronic final, ia menikah Tersitsa, anak-adik Odiseus. She was to bear him a daughter. Dia menanggung dia anak perempuan. Trelawny was now living in the cave fortress of Odysseus. Trelawny sekarang tinggal di gua benteng Odiseus. Two of his so-called English associates attempted to kill him when his back was turned. Dua perusahaan asosiasi yang disebut bahasa Inggrisnya mencoba membunuhnya saat punggungnya berbalik. He was badly wounded, having been hit in the jaw and shoulder. Dia terluka parah, karena tertembak di rahang dan bahu. His life hung in the balance for weeks on end. Hidupnya tergantung pada keseimbangan untuk berminggu-minggu. If there is one word, which best describes Edward John Trelawny, it is that he was a “Survivor,” and survive he did. Jika ada satu kata yang paling tepat menggambarkan Edward John Trelawny, itu adalah bahwa dia adalah seorang "Survivor," dan ia bertahan. His remaining 46 years, although not as exciting as his first 42, were filled with more than enough material to satisfy his many biographers. sisa-nya 46 tahun, walaupun tidak menyenangkan seperti 42 pertama, diisi dengan lebih dari cukup untuk memuaskan materi banyak penulis biografi-nya.
[ edit ] Autobiographer and Biographer [ sunting ] Penulis biografi penulis riwayat hidup sendiri dan
In 1828 he returned to England for the first time since his short visit in 1820 to attend his father's funeral. Pada tahun 1828 ia kembali ke Inggris untuk pertama kalinya sejak kunjungan singkat pada tahun 1820 untuk menghadiri pemakaman ayahnya. Already known as being the last companion and friend of Byron and Shelley he took this opportunity to visit the two women he had met in Italy, Mary Shelley and Claire Clairmont . Sudah dikenal sebagai pendamping terakhir dan teman Byron dan Shelley ia mengambil kesempatan ini untuk mengunjungi dua perempuan ia bertemu di Italia, Mary Shelley dan Claire Clairmont .
At different times in his letters, Trelawny expressed his undying love to each of these women. Pada waktu yang berbeda dalam surat-suratnya, Trelawny menyatakan cinta abadi untuk masing-masing wanita. There is little doubt that they were a motivating force in his decision to record the story of his life in the navy and as a privateer leading on to his friendships with Shelley and Byron. Ada sedikit keraguan bahwa mereka adalah kekuatan pendorong dalam keputusannya untuk merekam kisah hidupnya di angkatan laut dan sebagai privateer terkemuka pada persahabatan dengan Shelley dan Byron.
Adventures of a Younger Son was published in 1831 and many editions followed including translations into French, German, Swedish and Gaelic. Petualangan Anak Muda diterbitkan pada tahun 1831 dan banyak diikuti termasuk edisi terjemahan ke bahasa Prancis, Jerman, Swedia dan Gaelic. From 1833 to 1835 Trelawny traveled in the United States where he swam across the Niagara River between the rapids and the falls. Dari 1833-1835 Trelawny bepergian di Amerika Serikat di mana ia berenang melintasi Sungai Niagara antara deras dan jatuh. On his attempt to make the return passage he almost drowned. Pada usahanya untuk membuat bagian kembali ia hampir tenggelam.
When he returned to England he was received as the hero depicted in his Adventures. Ketika ia kembali ke Inggris, dia telah diterima sebagai pahlawan digambarkan dalam Petualangan. He was to enter the world of Politics and High Society. Dia adalah untuk masuk ke dunia Politik dan High Society. Much has been written about his being a member of the Philosophical Radicals and of his social doings with Fanny Kemble, the Honourable Mrs. Caroline Norton and Marguerite, Countess of Blessington , to name but a few. Banyak telah ditulis tentang dirinya sebagai anggota Radikal Filosofis dan perbuatan sosialnya dengan Fanny Kemble, Mrs mulia Caroline Norton dan Marguerite, Countess Blessington , untuk menyebutkan beberapa.
Suddenly, Trelawny became bored with politics and the life of a raconteur, and he returned to a simpler life. Tiba-tiba, Trelawny mulai bosan dengan politik dan kehidupan yg pandai bercerita, dan ia kembali ke kehidupan yang lebih sederhana. He had met the “true-love-of-his-life” Augusta Goring, with whom he eloped, then moved into a house in Putney. Dia telah bertemu dengan "benar-cinta-dari--hidupnya" Augusta Goring, dengan siapa ia kawin lari, kemudian pindah ke sebuah rumah di Putney. They later relocated to a cottage in Usk , a small country town in Monmouthshire . Mereka kemudian pindah ke sebuah pondok di Usk , sebuah kota kecil di negara Monmouthshire . Their daughter Laetitia was born there. Laetitia putri mereka lahir di sana.
He was fifty when he moved to Usk and for the next eighteen years he lived in retirement as the Lord of the Manor. Dia lima puluh ketika ia pindah untuk Usk dan delapan belas tahun berikutnya ia tinggal di pensiun sebagai Lord of the Manor. But in 1857, when he was writing his second book dealing with his recollections of Shelley and Byron, his marriage disintegrated. Tapi pada 1857, ketika ia sedang menulis buku kedua berurusan dengan kenangan tentang Shelley dan Byron, pernikahannya hancur. Augusta moved to Italy and Trelawny, after selling the house, furniture, and his collection of over a thousand books, moved back to London. Augusta pindah ke Italia dan Trelawny, setelah menjual rumah, perabotan, dan koleksi lebih dari seribu buku, pindah ke London.
His second book, Recollections was published; he was again famous and the toast of the town. buku kedua-Nya, Kenangan diterbitkan, ia kembali terkenal dan roti panggang kota.
[ edit ] Last Years [ sunting ] Tahun Terakhir
At the age of 78 he moved to the village of Sompting on the south coast of England. Pada usia 78 ia pindah ke desa Sompting di pantai selatan Inggris. He was the principle subject in the famous picture by Millais , The North-West Passage (1874), which was reproduced throughout the world. Dia adalah subjek prinsip dalam gambar terkenal oleh Millais , The Passage Barat Utara (1874), yang direproduksi di seluruh dunia. By 1875 his daughter Laetitia was living with him full time. Dengan 1875 putrinya Laetitia tinggal bersamanya purna waktu. In 1878 he published his third book, a rewrite of Recollections but where he was to add more about himself in the content as well as in the title. Pada 1878 ia menerbitkan buku ketiga-nya, penulisan ulang dari Recollections namun di mana ia adalah untuk menambahkan lebih banyak tentang dirinya sendiri dalam isi maupun judul.
Many of those who visited Trelawny in Sompting wrote about how vibrant were his appearance and voice. Banyak dari mereka yang mengunjungi Trelawny di Sompting menulis tentang bagaimana hidup yang penampilan dan suara. Had it not been for a bad fall he took while out for one of his usual morning walks there is no telling how long he might have lived. Kalau bukan karena jatuh buruk ia mengambil saat keluar untuk salah satu pagi berjalan seperti biasa tidak ada pemberitaan berapa lama dia bisa hidup. His charmed survival came to an end on 13 August 1881 at the age of 88. charmed kelangsungan hidup-Nya berakhir pada 13 Agustus 1881 pada usia 88.
His ashes were buried in Rome in a plot of ground adjacent to Percy Bysshe Shelley 's grave. Abu-Nya yang dikuburkan di Roma dalam sebidang tanah yang berdekatan dengan Percy Bysshe Shelley 's kubur. He had purchased this plot in 1822, at the time he had arranged for Shelley's ashes to be reburied in a more suitable site within the Protestant Cemetery. Dia telah membeli kebun ini tahun 1822, pada saat ia telah mengatur untuk abu Shelley akan dikubur kembali di situs yang lebih cocok dalam Pemakaman Protestan. At his request, these lines from Shelley were carved on his tombstone: Atas permintaan itu, baris-baris dari Shelley dipahat pada batu nisannya:
| “ " | These are two friends whose lives were undivided. Ini adalah dua teman yang hidupnya penuh. So let their memory be now they have glided Jadi biarkan kenangan mereka akan sekarang mereka telah melayang |
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